IP & Technology
Patents, trademarks, trade secrets, licensing, open source, AI governance, tech contracts
Primer
For technology and healthcare/medtech companies, intellectual property is often the most valuable asset class on the balance sheet — yet it is also one of the most frequently under-managed from a legal standpoint. IP practice in this context requires strategic thinking about prosecution, licensing, enforcement, and M&A valuation across patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and copyrights. Whether you are dedicated IP counsel or a generalist advising on IP dimensions of transactions, understanding portfolio strategy and risk is essential.
AI governance has become a mandatory new legal domain. Questions that must be answered for any client deploying AI tools: What AI products are being used? Who owns the output? What happens to company data uploaded to third-party AI platforms? How do vendor AI provisions in SaaS contracts affect IP rights? What is the company's AI risk policy? Legal counsel is increasingly co-leading AI governance working groups alongside CISO and CTO counterparts.
Trade secret protection is often more practically important than patent protection for fast-moving tech companies. The Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA) created a federal cause of action, but state law (typically UTSA) still governs most disputes. Protection requires "reasonable measures" to maintain secrecy — which means documented access controls, NDA programs, and disciplined employee onboarding and offboarding protocols.
Open source compliance is frequently overlooked but carries real risk. Copyleft licenses (GPL, AGPL) can trigger obligations to release proprietary source code if open source components are incorporated into commercial products. Every technology company needs an open source policy and an accurate inventory of what components are in use.
Key Concepts
Reference topics — deep-dive primers coming soon
- Patent prosecution lifecycle: provisional, utility, continuation, divisional applications
- Patent licensing: exclusive vs. non-exclusive, field-of-use limitations, royalty structures
- Patent litigation: IPR proceedings (PTAB), ITC Section 337, district court
- Trademark clearance, registration (USPTO), and global portfolio management (Madrid Protocol)
- Trade secret definition: reasonable measures to maintain secrecy; misappropriation
- DTSA (federal) and UTSA (state) — claims, remedies, ex parte seizure orders
- Copyright: work for hire doctrine, software copyright, DMCA safe harbors
- AI-generated content: authorship questions, training data copyright issues
- AI governance framework: inventory, risk classification, vendor assessment, policies
- Open source license categories: permissive (MIT, Apache) vs. copyleft (GPL, AGPL)
- Employee invention assignment agreements — scope, state law limitations (CA, WA)
- IP representations in M&A: freedom to operate, chain of title, third-party claims
- Technology licensing: IP indemnification, warranty disclaimers, source code escrow
- Domain names, brand protection online: UDRP, trademark monitoring
- Standard essential patents (SEPs) and FRAND licensing obligations