Corporate Governance
Board management, fiduciary duties, D&O, bylaws, committee structure, stockholder meetings, proxy
Primer
Corporate governance is the legal infrastructure on which every public company decision rests. Any lawyer advising a board, working with directors, or supporting governance functions needs fluency in Delaware law — the DGCL and the body of Court of Chancery case law that interprets it govern the vast majority of U.S. public companies. Governance deficiencies show up as liability exposure in M&A transactions, derivative suits, and regulatory scrutiny.
The three core fiduciary duties are care (informed decision-making), loyalty (no self-dealing), and good faith. Delaware courts apply the business judgment rule presumptively, but that presumption can be rebutted — particularly in controller transactions, executive compensation, and conflict-of-interest situations, where entire fairness review applies. The Corwin doctrine permits business judgment review of third-party M&A transactions approved by a fully-informed, uncoerced stockholder vote.
The practical mechanics of governance include managing the board calendar, running the corporate secretary function, drafting and reviewing board materials, advising the nominating/governance committee on best practices, overseeing proxy preparation (in coordination with securities counsel), and ensuring the company's governing documents (certificate, bylaws, committee charters) are current. D&O insurance placement and renewal also sit squarely in the governance legal function.
Key institutional relationships in the governance ecosystem: outside governance counsel, proxy advisors (ISS, Glass Lewis), transfer agent, and the stock exchange's listing standards compliance team. These relationships must be cultivated before a crisis — not assembled during one.
Key Concepts
Reference topics — deep-dive primers coming soon
- Business Judgment Rule vs. Entire Fairness vs. Enhanced Scrutiny (Revlon, Unocal)
- Director independence standards (NYSE/Nasdaq listing rules + Delaware law)
- Board committee structure: Audit, Compensation, Nominating/Governance, Science/Tech (optional)
- Majority voting in director elections — resignation policy mechanics
- Advance notice bylaws and universal proxy rules (SEC Rule 14a-19)
- Classified (staggered) board considerations and activist defense implications
- Say-on-pay (annual) and say-on-frequency votes (triennial review)
- Dual-class share structures — governance implications and sunset provisions
- Controlling stockholder conflicts and MFW framework (special committee + majority-of-minority vote)
- Board self-evaluation processes and director education requirements
- Section 220 inspection rights — litigation precursor risk management
- Annual meeting logistics: record date, notice, quorum, proxies, broker non-votes
- D&O indemnification agreements — scope and advancement obligations
- Exculpation provisions — recent Delaware expansion to officers (§102(b)(7))
- Corporate secretary function — minutes, resolutions, books and records
Recommended Resources
- Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance
- SEC Proxy Rules & Shareholder Proposal Guidance
- TheCorporateCounsel.net (governance & disclosure)
- Delaware Court of Chancery — Opinions
- Conference Board: Governance Center
- Gibson Dunn Shareholder Activism Resources
- ISS Voting Policy Guidelines
- Glass Lewis Proxy Voting Guidelines